Home

Sources and Field Guides

The notations given in SOURCES are in square brackets. Click to move to reference:

[Ammirati][Ammirati(2)][Ammirati(3)][Ammirati(4)][Ammirati(5)][Ammirati(6)]
[Ammirati(7)][Ammirati(8)][Ammirati(9)][Ammirati(10)][Arora] [Bandala] [Bandoni][Banerjee(1)] [Banerjee(2)] [Banerjee(3)] [Banik][Barron] [Baroni(1)]
[Baroni(2)] [Bendiksen] [Benjamin] [Bérubé] [Bessette(1)][Bessette(2)] [Bigelow(1)][Bigelow(2)] [Bigelow(3)] [Bigelow(4)] [Bigelow(5)] [Bigelow(6)]
[Bigelow(7)] [Bigelow(8)] [Bigelow(9)] [Bigelow(10)][Bills] [Brandrud] [Breitenbach][Burlingham(1)][Burlingham(2)][Burlingham(3)][Burlingham(4)]
[Castellano(1)] [Cazares] [Clemençon] [Cooke(1)] [Cooke(2)] [Corner][Courtecuisse] [Crawshay] [Cripps][Davidson] [Desjardin(1)] [Desjardin(2)] [Desjardin(3)]
[Favre][Freeman] [Fries] [Gillman] [Grund] [Grund(2)][Grund(3)] [Grund(4)]
[Grund(5)] [Grund(6)] [Grund(7)] [Grund(8)] [Grund(9)] [Grund(10)][Guzmán]
[Halling(1)] [Halling(2)] [Hansen] [Henderson] [Hesler] [Hesler(2)]
[Hesler(3)] [Hesler(4)] [Hesler(5)] [Hesler(6)] [Hesler(7)] [Hoiland]
[Homola] [Hotson] [Kauffman] [Kauffman(2)][Kauffman(3)][Kauffman(4)] [Kelly(1)] [Kendrick(1)][Kendrick(2)][Kernaghan][Kornerup][Kibby][Kuyper][Laessoe]
[Lange][Lar gent] [Lamoure] [Lennox][Libonati-Barnes][Lincoff(1)] [Lincoff(2)]
[Liu][Lowe] [McKnight][Maas Geesteranus][Miller(1)] [Miller(2)] [Miller(3)]
[Miller(4)] [Morrison][Moser(1)] [Moser(2)] [Moser(3)] [Moser(4)] [Moser(5)]
[Moser(6)] [Moser(7)] [Moser(8)] [Moser(9)] [Mueller] [Mueller(2)][Murrill(1)][Murrill(2)][Murrill(3)][Murrill(4)][Murrill(5)]
[Murrill(6)][Murrill(7)] [MykoWeb] [Nishida] [Nishida(2)] [Norvell] [Ovrebo(1)]
[Peck(1)] [Perry] [Phillips] [Phillips(2)][Pilat] [Rayner] [Rayner(2)] [Redhead(1)][Redhead(2)][Redhead(3)][Redhead(4)][Redhead(5)]
[Redhead(6)][Redhead (7)][Redhead(8)][Redhead(9)][Redhead(10)]
[Redhead(11)] [Redhead(12)] [Redhead(13)] [Redhead(14)]
[Redhead(15)] [Redhead(16)] [Redhead(17)] [Redhead(18)]
[Redhead(19)] [Redhead(20)] [Redhead(21)] [Redhead(22)]
[Redhead(23)] [Redhead(24)] [Redhead(25)] [Rehner] [Ridgway] [Romagnesi][Sagara][Schalkwijk-Barendsen][Shaffer(1)] [Shaffer(2)]
[Shaffer(3)] [Shaffer(4)][Shaffer(5)] [Shanks(1)] [Shanks(2)] [Singer(1)] [Singer(2)] [Singer(3)] [Singer(4)] [Singer(5)] [Smith(1)] [Smith(2)] [Smith(3)]
[Smith(4)] [Smith(5)] [Smith(6)] [Smith(7)] [Smith(8)] [Smith(9)] [Smith(10)]
[Smith(11)] [Smith(12)] [Smith(13)] [Smith(14)] [Smith(15)] [Smith(16)] [Smith(17)] [Smith(18)] [Smith(19)] [Smith(20)] [Smith(21)] [Smith(22)] [Smith(23)] [Smith(24)] [Stuntz(1)] [Stamets] [Thorn] [Thorn(2)][Tulloss(1)] [Tulloss(2)][Van De Bogart(1)]
[Van De Bogart(2)][Van De Bogart(3)] [Volk] [Volk(2)][Watling][Watling(2)] [Watling(3)]

The descriptions are derived from the technical literature, or where that was unavailable to us or seemed unnecessary, from field guides. The relevant information is restated in uniform format. In many cases when the descriptions are from more than one source, information from the different sources is merged. In the case of two particularly difficult genera with multiple sources, namely Cortinarius and Russula, the source of individual pieces of information is given specifically. For Russula, the description from Trial Key to the Pacific Northwest Species, by Ben Woo, is given first because it is concise, followed by more detailed descriptions.

Field Guides

• Ammirati, Joseph, McKenny, Margaret, Stuntz, Daniel. 1987. The New Savory Wild Mushroom. University of Washington. Covers primarily the Pacific Northwest. About 130 color photographs of gilled mushrooms with the best quality among field guides, brief descriptions. [Ammirati]
• Arora, David. 1986 Mushrooms Demystified Second Edition. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley. This is the best field guide overall, and a must for serious beginners. While it has most information about California, it is an excellent and humorously written source for all of North America. Some color photographs, more black and white photographs, good keys that are very useful for the Pacific Northwest. [Arora]
• Bandoni, R.J.. 1976. Guide to Common Mushrooms of BC. rev. color ed. B.C. Prov. Mus. Handb. Inexpensive but not comprehensive enough for use as sole field guide. [Bandoni]
• Barron, George. 1999. Mushrooms of Northeast North America. Lone Pin Press, Edmonton Alberta.. Almost 300 well-composed color photographs of gilled mushrooms, often pictured also in other field guides. Brief descriptions. Especially useful in eastern North America. [Barron]
• Bessette, Alan E., Bessette, Arleen R., Miller, Orson K. Miller, Hope H. 1995. Mushrooms of North America in Color: A Field Guide to Seldom-Illustrated Fungi. Syracuse University Press. Contains illustrations and detailed descriptions of 42 seldom illustrated gilled mushrooms. [Bessette(1)]
• Bessette, Alan E., Bessette, Arleen R., Fischer, David W. 1997. Mushrooms of Northeastern North America. Syracuse University Press. Over 300 color photographs of gilled mushrooms, often pictured also in other field guides. Includes descriptions and keys. A good source for modern names and especially useful in eastern North America. [Bessette(2)]
• Breitenbach, J., Kränzlin, F. 1991. MuFungi of Switzerland Volume 3 Boletes and Agarics First Part. Edition Mykologia Lucerne. [Breitenbach]
• Courtecuisse, R., Duhem, B. 1995. Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain & Europe. Collins Field Guide Harper Collins, London. Over 1750 color illustrations with brief descriptions. [Courtecuisse]
• Guzmán, Gastón. 1983. The Genus Psilocybe. J. Cramer [Guzmán]
• Kibby, G. 1993. An Illustrated Guide to Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Dragon's World Ltd., Limpsfield, U.K. 400 species (more than half of them gilled mushrooms) attractively illustrated and briefly described. [Kibby]
• Laessoe, Thomas, Gary Lincoff, Neil Fletcher. 1998. Mushrooms. Eyewitness Handbooks. Stoddart Publishing, Toronto. Over 250 color photographs of gilled mushrooms from around the world with brief descriptions. [Laessoe]
• Lincoff, Gary. 1981. Simon and Shuster's Guide to Mushrooms. Simon & Shuster, New York. A North American edition of a European book by G. Pacioni Illustrates and describes about 200 North American gilled species. [Lincoff(1)]
• Lincoff, Gary. 1995. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms. Knopf, New York. 750 color photographs with English names organized by color and shape, and a text which gives Latin names and descriptions. [Lincoff(2)]
• McKnight, Kent H., McKnight, Vera B. 1987. A Field Guide to Mushrooms North America. Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin, New York. Illustrates and describes over 500 mushroom species. [McKnight]
• Phillips, Roger. 1981. Mushrooms and other fungi of Great Britain and Europe. Pan Books, London. Similar to author's Mushrooms of North America but with European species not found in that book. [Phillips(2)]
• Phillips, Roger. 1991. Mushrooms of North America. Little, Brown, & Co., Boston. Over 1000 color photographs, each having different angles and stages of the mushroom in question, also has concise descriptions of each. [Phillips]
• Schalkwijk-Barendsen, Helene M.E. 1991. Mushrooms of Western Canada. Lone Pine, Edmonton. Watercolors and brief descriptions, particularly strong for Alberta. [Schalkwijk-Barendsen]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1975. A Field Guide to Western Mushrooms. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. [Smith(8)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Smith Helen V., Weber, Nancy S. 1979. How to Know the Gilled Mushrooms. Wm. C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa. A variety of mushrooms with line drawings. [Smith(6)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Smith Helen V., Weber, Nancy S. 1981. How to Know the Non-gilled Mushrooms. Second Edition. Wm. C. Brown Company, Dubuque, Iowa. Used here only for description of sequestrated gilled species (that do not have fully formed gills). [Smith(4)]
• Tylutki, Edmund E. 1987. Mushrooms of Idaho and the Pacific Northwest. Volume 2. Non-gilled Hymenomycetes. University of Idaho Press, Moscow, Idaho. Used here only for description of cantharelloid species with veined fertile surface. [Tylutki] 

Specialized Works

• Benjamin, D.R. 1995 Mushrooms: Poisons and Panaceas Freeman, New York. Detailed coverage of mushroom poisoning by a physician and interesting history of the relationship between mushrooms and health. [Benjamin]
• Bigelow, H.E. 1982. North American Species of Clitocybe, Part 1. Vaduz, West Germany: J. Cramer. and 1985. North American Species of Clitocybe, Part 2. Vaduz, West Germany: J. Cramer. [Bigelow(5)]
• Brandrud, T.E., H. Lindstrom, H. Marklund, J. Melot, S. Muskos. 1990-94. Cortinarius Flora Photographica Volumes 1-3. Excellent photographs and also descriptions of European Cortinarius species. [Brandrud]
• Brown, R.W. 1956 Composition of Scientific Words Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. A very good reference for working out derivations of genus and species names.
• Castellano, M., Jane E. Smith, Thom O'Dell, Efren Cazares, Susan Nugent. 1999. Handbook to Strategy 1 Fungal Species in the Northwest Forest Plan. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-476. United States Department of Agriculture. Descriptions and illustrations of species at risk in the Pacific Northwest. [Castellano(1)]
• Corner, E.J.H.. 1966. NA Monograph of Cantharelloid Fungi. Oxford University Press. [Corner]
• Crawshay, Richard. 1930. Spore Ornamentation of the Russulas. London. [Crawshay]
• Desjardin, Dennis E. 1987. The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California 7. Tricholomataceae I. Marasmioid Fungi: the genera Baeospora, Crinipellis, Marasmiellus, Marasmius, Micromphale, and Strobilurus. Mad River Press, Eureka, California. [Desjardin(1)]
• Fries, Elias. 1874. Hymenomycetes Europaei. Contains original descriptions of many European species, in Latin. [Fries]
• Grund, D.W. 1965. Survey of Genus Russula in Washington State. Ph.D. thesis [Grund(2)]
• Halling, Roy E. 1983. The Genus Collybia in the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Contains descriptions of many species found in the Pacific Northwest. [Halling(1)]
• Hansen, Lise, Henning Knudsen editors. 1992. Nordic Macromycetes. Volume 2. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen. Comprehensive keys with short descriptions, but only for European species, a good complement to Moser's Keys to Agarics and Boleti. [Hansen]
• Henderson, D.M., P.D. Orton, and R. Watling. 1969. Color Identification Chart. British Fungus Flora. Agarics and Boleti: Introduction. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 84p. [Henderson]
• Hesler, L.R. 1969. North American Species of Gymnopilus. Hafner Publishing, New York. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Hesler(2)]
• Hesler, L.R., Smith, A.H.. 1963. North American Species of Hygrophorus. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Hesler]
• Hesler, L.R., Smith, A.H. 1965. North American Species of Crepidotus. Hafner Publishing, New York. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Hesler(3)]
• Hesler, L.R., Smith, A.H. 1979. North American Species of Lactarius. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Hesler(4)]
• Kauffman, C.H. 1918. The Agaricaceae of Michigan. Michigan Geological and Biological Survey Lansing Michigan. Used here only for descriptions of a few species and some items in a helpful glossary. [Kauffman]
• Kelly, K.L. 1965. ISCC-NBS Centroid Color Charts. Standard Sample No. 2106. U.S. Nat. Bur. Standards. Washington, D.C. 20p. [Kelly(1)]
• Kornerup, A. 1984. Methuen Book of Color. Hasting House, New York. [Kornerup]
• Kuyper, Thomas W. 1986. A Revision of the Genus Inocybe in Europe. I. Subgenus Inosperma and the Smooth-Spored Species of Subgenus Inocybe. Rijksherbarium, Leiden. [Kuyper]
• Largent, D.L., Baroni, T.J. 1988 How to Identify Mushrooms to Genus VI: Modern Genera. Mad River Press, Eureka. Descriptions of genera with keys to identifying them, detailed coverage of stature types
• Largent, D.L. 1994. Entolomatoid Fungi of the Western United States and Alaska. Mad River Press, Eureka. Excellent standard work on the subject, with detailed descriptions, range maps, and color photographs of more than half of the many species dealt with in this program. [Largent]
• Maas Geesteranus, R.A. 1992. Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere I & II. North-Holland, Amsterdam. The standard modern work on the subject [Maas Geesteranus]
• Moser, M. 1983. Keys to Agarics and Boleti. Translated by S. Plant. Publisher Roger Phillips, London. Comprehensive keys with short descriptions, but only for European species. [Moser(1)]
• Rayner, R.W. 1968-70. Keys to the British Species of Russula 1-3. Bull. British Mycological Soc. [Rayner]
• Rayner, R.W. 1970. A mycological color chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. [Rayner(2)]
• Ridgway, R. 1912. Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. Published by the Author. Washington, D.C. Used by many authors of technical literature, but out of print and difficult and expensive to obtain second-hand. [Ridgway]
• Romagnesi, H. 1967. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Nord d'Afrique. Bordas. [Romagnesi]
• Shanks, Kris M. 1997. The Agaricales (Gilled Fungi) of California 11. Tricholomataceae II Tricholoma. Mad River Press, Eureka, California. [Shanks(2)]
• Singer, Rolf. 1986. The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy 4th Edition. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany. 981 pp. Expensive but authoritative reference for world Agaricales with keys to genus level and lists of species without species descriptions. [1975 edition is Singer(4)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1947. North American Species of Mycena. University of Michigan. This and Maas Geesteranus' work are the two standards on the subject. [Smith(1)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Singer, Rolf. 1965. A Monograph on the Genus Galerina Earle. Hafner Publishing, New York. The standard work on the subject, some black and white photographs. [Smith(2)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Hesler, L.R. 1968. North American Species of Pholiota. Hafner Publishing, New York. The standard work on the subject. [Smith (3)]
• Smith, Alexander H 1972. The North American Species of Psathyrella. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden Volume 24. A standard work. [Smith(5)]
• Smith, Alexander H., V.S. Evenson, D.H. Mitchel. 1983. The Veiled Species of Hebeloma in the Western United States. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Standard for these difficult species. [Smith(7)]
• Stamets, Paul. 1996. Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley. Comprehensive, interesting, detailed descriptions, good quality color photographs of most species. [Stamets]
• Watling, R. British Fungus Flora Agarics and Boleti 3 Bolbitiaceae Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Source of some descriptions of species also found in North America. [Watling]
• Watling, R., Norma M. Gregory. 1987. British Fungus Flora Agarics and Boleti 5 Strophariaceae and Coprinaceae Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Source of some descriptions of species also found in North America. [Watling(3)]
• Watling, R., Norma M. Gregory. 1990. British Fungus Flora Agarics and Boleti 6 Crepidotaceae, Pleurotaceae and other pleurotoid agarics Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Source of some descriptions of species also found in North America. [Watling(2)] 

General Mycology

• Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. 1996. Introductory Mycology Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, . University level textbook
• Hawksworth, D.L, Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C., Pegler, D.N. 1995. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi Eighth Edition. International Mycological Institute, Egham, U.K. Standard reference which is useful as a dictionary and as a classification of all the genera in European style: Its classification has been followed here with some exceptions (see Note on Taxonomy).
• Kendrick, Bryce. 1992. The Fifth Kingdom Second Edition. Mycologue Publications, Focus Information Group, Newburyport, MA. Classification and biology of fungi, entertainingly written at the university course level, with wide scope and a lot of interesting information. [Kendrick(1)] Revision with supplementary illustrations available online at http://www.mycolog.com/fifthtoc.html
• Lange, J. 1914-40. Flora agaricina Danica I-V. Copenhagen. 500 colored plates and mostly macroscopic descriptions in English. [Lange]
• Pilat, Usak. 1961. Mushrooms and Other Fungi. [Pilat]
• Smith, A.H. 1949 Mushrooms in Their Natural Habitats. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. [Smith(15)] 

Periodical Articles

• Ammirati, Joseph F. 1975. Cortinarius, Section Dermocybe: Further Studies on Cortinarius aureifolius. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 51 Studies on Higher Fungi pp39-52. J.Cramer. [Ammirati(6)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., Smith, Alexander H. 1977. Studies in the Genus Cortinarius, III: Section Dermocybe, New North American Species. Mycotaxon V(2): 381-397. [Ammirati(2)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., Smith, Alexander H. 1978. Studies in the Genus Cortinarius, IV: Section Dermocybe, New North American Species. Mycotaxon VII(2): 256-264. [Ammirati(3)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., G.A. Laursen. 1982. Cortinarii in Alaskan arctic tundra. In Arctic and alpine mycology, the first international symposium on arcto-alpine mycology. Edited by G.A. Laursen and J.F. Ammirati. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. pp. 282-308. [Ammirati(10)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., A.H.Smith. 1984. Cortinarius II: A Preliminary Treatment of Species in the Subgenus Dermocybe, Section Sanguinei, in North America, North of Mexico. McIlvainea 6(2): 54-64. [Ammirati(8)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., A.H.Smith. 1988. Dermocybe, (or Cortinarius, Subgenus Dermocybe) Some Species in the Sections Dermocybe, Holoxanthae, and Malicoriae. McIlvainea 8(2): 54-64. [Ammirati(9)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F. 1988. Dermocybe (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales): North American Names - New Combinations, Synonyms and Notes. Mycotaxon 33: 437-446. [Ammirati(4)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F. 1989. Dermocybe Section Sanguineae in Northern California. Mycotaxon 34: 21-36. [Ammirati(7)]
• Ammirati, Joseph F., S. Ammirati, L. Norvell, T. O'Dell, M. Puccio, M. Seidl, G. Walker, The Puget Sound Mycological Society, S. Redhead, J. Ginns, H. Burdsall, T. Volk, K. Nakasone. 1994. A Preliminary Report on the Fungi of Barlow Pass, Washington. McIlvainea. [Ammirati(5)]
• Bandala, Victor M. 1998. New data on the genus Phaeocollybia based on type studies. Mycologia 90(1): 118-124. [Bandala]
• Banerjee, Partha, Walter J. Sundberg. 1993. Three New Species and a New Variety of Pluteus from the United States. Mycotaxon 47: 389-394. [Banerjee(1)]
• Banerjee, Partha, Walter J. Sundberg. 1993. Reexamination of Pluteus (Type Specimens: Types Housed at the New York Botanical Garden. Mycotaxon 49: 413-435. [Banerjee(2)]
• Banerjee, Partha, Walter J. Sundberg. 1995. The genus Pluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales) in the Midwestern United States. Mycotaxon 53: 189-246. [Banerjee(3)]
• Banik, Mark T., Thomas J. Volk, Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. 1996. Armillaria species of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington state, including confirmation of North American biological species XI. Mycologia 88(3): 492-496. [Banik]
• Baroni, Timothy J. 1981. A revision of the Genus Rhodocybe Maire (Agaricales). Beih. Nova Hedwigia 67: 1-194. [Baroni(1)]
• Baroni, Timothy J., David L. Largent. 1989. The Genus Rhodocybe: new combinations and a revised key to Section Rhodophana in North America. Mycotaxon 84(1) 47-53. [Baroni(2)]
• Bendiksen, E., K. Bendiksen, T.E. Brandrud. 1992. What is Cortinarius cylindripes Kauffman? Persoonia 14: 583-585. [Bendiksen]
• Bérubé, J.A., M. Dessureault. 1987. Morphological Characterization of Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria sinapina sp. nov. Can. J. Bot. 66: 2027-2034. [Bérubé]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1962. Clitocybe species from the Western United States. Mycologia 54: 498-515. [Bigelow(7)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1965. Clitocybe in North America. Lloydia 28(2). [Bigelow(8)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1970. Omphalina in North America. Mycologia 62: 1-32. [Bigelow(9)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1973. Cantharocybe, a new Genus of Agaricales. Mycologia 65: 485-488. [Bigelow(1)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1973. The Genus Clitocybula. Mycologia 65: 1101-1116. [Bigelow(3)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1975. Studies in the Tricholomataceae Hygrophoropsis, Cantharellula, Myxomphalia, Omphaliaster Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 51 Studies on Higher Fungi pp61-78. J.Cramer. [Bigelow(6)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1977. New Taxa of Clitocybe. Mycotaxon 6(1): 181-185. [Bigelow(2)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1979. Notes on Fayodia ss. Lato. Mycotaxon 9(1): 38-47. [Bigelow(4)]
• Bigelow, Howard E. 1982. Species Described in Clitocybe by C.H.Peck and W. A. Murrill. Sydowia Annales Mycologici Ser. II 35 [Bigelow(10)]
• Bills, Gerald F., Orson K. Miller Jr. 1984. Southern Appalachian Russulas I. Mycologia 76(6): 975-1002. [Bills]
• Burlingham, Gertrude S. 1913. The Lactariaeae of the Pacific Coast. Mycologia 5: 305-311. [Burlingham(1)]
• Burlingham, Gertrude S. 1915. North American Flora. 9. [Burlingham(2)]
• Burlingham, Gertrude S. 1918. New Species of Russula from Massachusetts Mycologia 10: 93-96. [Burlingham(3)]
• Burlingham, Gertrude S. 1936. New or Noteworthy Species of Russula and Lactaria. Mycologia 28: 23-267. [Burlingham(4)]
• Cazares, Efren, James M. Trappe. 1991. Alpine and subalpine fungi of the Cascade and Olympic Mountains. 2. Macowanites lymanensis sp. nov. Mycotaxon 42: 333-338. [Cazares]
• Clemençon, Heinz, Alexander H. Smith. 1983. New Species of Lyophyllum (Agaricales) from North America and a key to the known staining species. Mycotaxon 18(2): 379-437. [Clemencon]
• Cooke, W.B. 1957. The Porotheleaceae: Porotheleum. Mycologia 49: 680-693 [Cooke(1)]
• Cooke, W.B. 1961. The Cyphellaceous Fungi. A Study in the Porotheleaceae. Sydowia, Beiheft IV. [Cooke(2)]
• Cripps, Cathy L. 1997. The genus Inocybe in Montana aspen stands. Mycologia 89(4) 670-688. [Cripps]
• Davidson, J.E. 1930. Notes on the Agaricaceae of Vancouver (B.C.) district - I. Mycologia 22:80-93. [Davidson]
• Desjardin, Dennis E., Scott A. Redhead. 1987. Marasmius salalis, a new Pacific Coast North American species. Mycotaxon 29: 307-308. [Desjardin(2)]
• Desjardin, Dennis E., Scott A. Redhead. 1987. California Collybias. I. Collybia bakerensis, a common snowbank agaric. Mycotaxon 29: 321-327. [Desjardin(3)]
• Favre, Julius. 1955. Les champignons supérieurs de la zone alpine du Parc National suisse. Res. Rech. Sci, entr. Parc National suisse. [Favre]
• Freeman, Alice E.H. 1979. Agaricus in North America: type studies. Mycotaxon 8(1):1-49. [Freeman]
• Gillman, Linnea Stewart, Orson K. Miller. 1977. A study of the boreal, alpine, and arctic species of Melanoleuca. Mycologia 69: 927-951. [Gillman]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1968. Nova Scotian Inocybes. I. Mycologia 60:406-425. [Grund(3)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1970. Nova Scotian Inocybes. II. Mycologia 62:925-939. [Grund(4)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1975. Nova Scotian Inocybes. III. Mycologia 67:19-31. [Grund(5)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1977. Nova Scotian Inocybes. IV. Mycologia 69:392-408. [Grund(6)]
• Grund, Darryl W. 1979. New and Interesting Taxa of Russula Pers. Ex S.F.Gray occurring in Washington State. Mycotaxon 9(1): 93-113. [Grund]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1980. Nova Scotian Inocybes. V. Mycologia 72:670-688. [Grund(7)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1981. Nova Scotian Inocybes. VI. Mycologia 73:655-674. [Grund(8)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1983. Nova Scotian Inocybes. VII. Mycologia 75:257-270. [Grund(9)]
• Grund, D.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1984. Nova Scotian Inocybes. VIII. Mycologia 76:733-740. [Grund(10)]
• Hesler, L.R. 1960. A Study of Russula Types Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 21: 1-59. [Hesler(5)]
• Hesler, L.R. 1961. A Study of Russula Types II. Mycologia 53: 605-625. [Hesler(6)]
• Hesler, L.R. 1961. A Study of Julius Schaeffer's Russulas. Lloydia 24: 182-198. [Hesler(7)]
• Hoiland, K. 1984. Cortinarius Section Dermocybe. Op. Bot. 71: 1-113. [Hoiland]
• Homola, R.L. 1972. Section Celluloderma of the genus Pluteus in North America. Mycologia 64(6): 1211-1247 [Homola]
• Hotson, J.W., D.E. Stuntz. 1938. The Genus Agaricus in Western Washington. Mycologia 30: 204-234. [Hotson]
• Kauffman, C.H. 1925. The Fungus Flora of Mt. Hood with some new species Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts & Letters 5:115-148. [Kauffman(2)]
• Kauffman, C.H. 1924. Inocybe. North American Flora 10: 248ff. [Kauffman(4)]
• Kauffman, C.H. 1932. Cortinarius. North American Flora 10: 282-348. [Kauffman(3)]
• Kernaghan, Gavin, R.S. Currah. 1998. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi at Tree Line in the Canadian Rockies [Kernaghan]
• Lamoure, D. 1977. Agaricales de la zone alpine. Genre Cortinarius Fr. Sous-genre Telamonia (Fr.)Loud. I. Trav. Sci. Parc Vanoise 8: 135 [Lamoure]
• Lennox, Joanne Williams. 1979. Collybioid Genera in the Pacific Northwest. Mycotaxon 9(1): 117-231. [Lennox]
• Libonati-Barnes, S.D., S.A. Redhead. 1984. Panellus longinquus ssp. pacificus. A new west coast North American agaric associated with red alder. Mycotaxon 20(1): 205-212. [Libonati-Barnes]
• Liu, Y.J., S.O. Rogers, J.F. Ammirati. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships in Dermocybe and related Cortinarius taxa based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers. Can. J .Bot 75: 519-532 [Liu]
• Lowe, D.P. 1969. Checklist and host index of bacteria, fungi, and mistletoes of British Columbia. For. Res. Lab., Victoria, B.C. Dep. Fish., and For., Victoria, B.C. BC-X-32 [Lowe]
• Miller, Orson K. 1964. Monograph of Chroogomphus (Gomphidiaceae). Mycologia 56: 526-549. [Miller(1)]
• Miller, Orson K. 1971. The genus Gomphidius (with a revised description of the Gomphidiaceae and a key to the genera. Mycologia 63: 1129-1163. [Miller(4)]
• Miller, Orson K. 1984. A New Species of Hygrophorus from North America. Mycologia 76(5): 816-819. [Miller(2)]
• Miller, Orson K., Ellen Trueblood, David Jenkins. 1990. Three new species of Amanita from southwestern Idaho and southeastern Oregon. Mycologia 82(1) 120-128. [Miller(3)]
• Morrison, D.J., D. Chu, A.L.S. Johnson. 1985. Species of Armillaria in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 7: 242-246. [Morrison]
• Moser, M.M., K.H. McKnight. 1987. Fungi (Agaricales, Russulales) from the alpine zone of Yellowstone National Park and the Beartooth Mountains with special emphasis on Cortinarius. In Arctic and alpine mycology II. Edited by G.A. Laursen, J.F. Ammirati and S.A. Redhead. Plenum, New York. pp. 299-317. [Moser(5)]
• Moser, M.M. 1993. Studies on North American Cortinarii III. The Cortinarius of dwarf and shrubby Salix associations in the alpine zone of the Windriver Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Sydowia 45: 275-306. [Moser(7)]
• Moser, M.M., K.H. McKnight, J.F. Ammirati. 1995. Studies on North American Cortinarii I. New and Interesting Taxa from the Greater Yellowstone Area. Mycotaxon 55: 301-346. [Moser(2)]
• Moser, M.M., K.H. McKnight, M. Sigl. 1995. The genus Cortinarius (Agaricales) in the Greater Yellowstone area: mycorrhizal associations and taxonomic considerations. In Plants and their environments: Proceedings of the First Biennial Scientific Conference on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystems. Sept. 16-17, 1991. Edited by D.G. Despain. Tech. Rep. NPS/NRYELL/NRTR-93/XX: 239-246. [Moser(6)]
• Moser, M.M., J.F. Ammirati. 1996. Studies on North American Cortinarii II. Interesting and new species collected in the North Cascade Mountains, Washington. Mycotaxon 58: 387-412. [Moser(3)]
• Moser, M.M., J.F. Ammirati. 1997. Studies on North American Cortinarii IV. New and interesting Cortinarius species (subgenus Phlegmacium) from oak forests in Northern California. Sydowia 49(1): 25-48. [Moser(4)]
• Moser, M.M., J.F. Ammirati. 1999. Studies on North American Cortinarii V. New and interesting Phlegmacia from Wyoming and the Pacific Northwest. Mycotaxon 72: 289-321. [Moser(8)]
• Moser, M.M., J.F. Ammirati. 2000. Studies in North American Cortinarii VI. New and Interesting Taxa in Subgenus Phlegmacium from the Pacific States of North America. Mycotaxon 74: 1-36. [Moser(9)]
• Mueller, G.M. 1984. New North American Species of Laccaria (Agaricales). Mycotaxon 20(1): 101-116. [Mueller]
• Murrill, W.A. 1912. The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast - II. Mycologia 4: 231-262. [Murrill(3)]
• Murrill, W.A. 1912. The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast - III. Mycologia 4: 294-308. [Murrill(4)]
• Murrill, W.A. 1913. The Agaricaceae of the Pacific Coast - IV. New Species of Clitocybe and Melanoleuca. Mycologia 5: 206-223. [Murrill(1)]
• Murrill, W.A. 1922. Dark-Spored Agarics - I. Drosophila, Hypholoma, and Pilosace. Mycologia 14: 61-76. [Murrill(5)]
• Murrill, W.A. 1922. Dark-Spored Agarics - II. Gomphidius and Strophariaceae. Mycologia 14: 121-142. [Murrill(6)]
• Murrill, W.A. 1922. Dark-Spored Agarics - III Agaricus. Mycologia 14: 200-221. [Murrill(7)]
• Murrill, W.A. 1943. More New Fungi from Florida. Lloydia 6: 207-228 [Murrill(2)]
• Nishida, Florence H. 1988. New Species of Inocybe from Southern California. Mycotaxon 33: 213-222. [Nishida]
• Nishida, Florence H. 1989. Key to the Species of Inocybe in California. Mycotaxon 34(1): 181-196. [Nishida(2)]
• Norvell, L.L., Redhead, S.A., Ammirati, J.F. 1994. Omphalina Sensu Lato in North America 1: Omphalina wynniae and the genus Chrysomphalina 2: Omphalina sensu Bigelow. Mycotaxon 50: 379-407 [Norvell]
• Ovrebo, Clark, Edmund E. Tylutki.. 1975. New Species and a new combination of Tricholoma (Agaricales) from the Pacific Northwest. Mycologia 67: 75-82. [Ovrebo(1)]
• Peck, C.H.. 1906. Report of the State Botanist, N.Y. State Museum. [Peck(1)]
• Perry, Brian A., Dennis E. Desjardin. 1999. Mycena californiensis resurrected. Mycotaxon 70: 87-97. [Perry]
• Redhead, S.A. 1973. Epistolae mycologicae I. Some cyphelloid basidiomycetes from British Columbia. Syesis 6: 221-227. [Redhead(21)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1974. A New Species of Campanella from North America. Mycologia 66: 183-187. [Redhead(10)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1979. Mycological Observations 4-12: on Kuehneromyces, Stropharia, Marasmius, Mycena, Geopetalum, Omphalopsis, Phaeomarasmius, Naucoria and Prunulus Sydowia 37, 1984 [Redhead(4)]
• Redhead, Scott A. 1980. The genus Strobilurus (Agaricales) in Canada with notes on extralimital species. Can. J. Bot. 58: 68-83. [Redhead(1)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1981. Agaricales on wetland Monocotyledonae in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 59: 574-589 [Redhead(8)]
• Redhead, S.A., R. Singer. 1981. Resinomycena gen. Nov. (Agaricales), an Ally of Hydropus, Mycena and Baeospora. Mycotaxon 13(1): 150-170. [Redhead(17)]
• Redhead, S.A., J.D. Smith. 1981. A North American Isolate of Coprinus kubickae associated with a superficial fairy ring. Can. J. Bot. 59: 410-414. [Redhead(12)]
• Redhead, S.A., Traquair, J.A.. 1981. Coprinus Sect. Herbicolae from Canada, Notes on Extralimital Taxa, and the Taxonomic Position of a Low Temperature Basidiomycete Forage Crop Pathogen from Western Canada. Mycotaxon 13(2): 373-404. [Redhead(13)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1982. The application of Helotium to agarics. Part I. Nomenclature. Part II. Notes on selected species from Canada [Redhead(15)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1982. The systematics of Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum. Sydowia, Annales Mycologici Ser. II. 35: 223-235. [Redhead(23)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1984. Additional Agaricales on wetland Monocotyledonae in Canada. Can. J. Bot. 62: 1844-1851. [Redhead(9)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1984. Arrhenia and Rimbachia, expanded generic concepts, and a re-evaluation of Leptoglossum with emphasis on muscicolous North American taxa. Can. J. Bot. 62: 865-892 [Redhead(7)]
• Redhead, S.A., Paul Kroeger 1984. Melanotus textilis, a new fabric- and wood-inhabiting North American agaric. Mycologia, 76(5): 868-872. [Redhead(18)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1984. Two fern-associated mushrooms, Mycena lohwagii and M. pterigena, in Canada. Naturaliste can. (Rev. Ecol. Syst.), 111: 439-442. [Redhead(20)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1985. A reappraisal of agaric genera associated with brown rots of wood. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 26: 349-381. [Redhead(22)]
• Redhead, S.A., Smith, A.H. 1986. Two new genera of agarics based on Psilocybe corneipes and Phaeocollybia perplexa. Can. J. Bot. 64: 643-647 [Redhead(14)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1986. Clitopilus fuscogelatinosus and Rhodocybe carlottae, new species in the Entolomataceae (Agaricales) from Canada. Can. J. Bot. 64: 1450-1452. [Redhead(11)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1986. Mycological Observations 15-16: On Omphalia and Pleurotus. Mycologia 78(4): 522-528. [Redhead(25)]
• Redhead, S.A., P. Kroeger. 1987. A Sclerotium-producing Hypholoma from British Columbia. Mycotaxon 29: 457-465. [Redhead(16)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1988. A biogeographical overview of the Canadian mushroom flora. Can. J. Bot. 67: 3003-3062 [Redhead(6)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1988. Notes on the genus Xeromphalina (Agaricales, Xerulaceae) in Canada: biogeography, nomenclature, taxonomy. Can. J. Bot. 66: 479-507. [Redhead(2)]
• Redhead, S.A., Lorelei L. Norvell. 1993. Phaeocollybia in western Canada. Mycotaxon 46: 343-358. [Redhead(19)]
• Redhead, S.A., Ammirati, J.F., Walker G.R., Norvell L.L., Puccio, M.B. 1994. Squamanita contortipes, the Rosetta Stone of a mycoparasitic agaric genus. Can. J. Bot. 72: 1812-1824. [Redhead(3)]
• Redhead, S.A. 1997. Macrofungi of British Columbia: Requirements for Inventory. Ministry of Forests of British Columbia. [Redhead(5)]
• Redhead, S.A., Lorelei L. Norvell, Eric Danell. 1997. Cantharellus formosus and the Pacific Golden Chanterelle Harvest in Western North America Mycotaxon 65: 285-322. [Redhead(24)]
• Rehner, Stephen A., Joe F. Ammirati, George Mueller. 1988. Cortinarius stuntzii sp. nov. (Agaricales, Cortinariaceae), from Salix communities in eastern Washington. Mycologia 80(6): 903-906. [Rehner]
• Sagara, Naohiko. 1984. On "Corpse Finder". McIlvainea 6:(2) 7-9. [Sagara]
• Shaffer, R.L. 1957. Volvariella in North America. Mycologia 49: 545-579. [Shaffer(3)]
• Shaffer, R.L. 1962. The subsection Compactae of Russula. Brittonia 14:254-284. [Shaffer(5)]
• Shaffer, R.L. 1964. The Subsection Lactarioideae of Russula. Mycologia 56: 202-231 [Shaffer(1)]
• Shaffer, R.L. 1970. Notes on the Subsection Crassotunicatinae and other species of Russula. Lloydia 33: 49-96 [Shaffer(2)]
• Shaffer, R.L. 1972. North American Russulas of the Subsection Foetentinae. Mycologia 64: 1008-1053 [Shaffer(4)]
• Shanks, Kris M. 1996. New species of Tricholoma from California and Oregon. Mycologia 88(3): 497-508. [Shanks(1)]
• Singer, Rolf. 1942. Type Studies on Basidiomycetes I. Mycologia 34: 60-93 [Singer(1)]
• Singer, Rolf. 1943. Type Studies on Basidiomycetes II Mycologia 35: 142-163 [Singer(2)]
• Singer, Rolf. 1947. Type Studies on Basidiomycetes III. Mycologia 39. [Singer(3)]
• Singer, Rolf. 1947. Additional Notes on the Genus Leucopaxillus. Mycologia 39: 725-736. [Singer(5)]
• Smith, Alexander H. Notes on Agarics from the western United States. Bulletin of the Torrey Club 64: 477-487. [Smith(20)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1939. Studies in the Genus Cortinarius I. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium No. 2. Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press [Smith(22)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1938. New and Unusual Agarics from North America I. Mycologia 30: 20-41. [Smith(14)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1941. New and Unusual Agarics from North America. II. Mycologia 33(1):1-16. [Smith(13)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1941. Studies Of North American Agarics - I. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium, No. 5. University of Michigan Press. [Smith(19)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1942. New and Unusual Cortinarii from Michigan with a Key to the North American Species of Genus Bulbopodium. Bulletin of the Torrey Club 69(1): 44-64. [Smith(21)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1944. New North American Agarics. Mycologia 36: 242-262. [Smith(17)]
• Smith, Alexander H. 1944. New and Interesting Cortinarii from North America. Lloydia 7(3): 163-235. [Smith(12)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Elizabeth E. Morse. 1947. The Genus Cantharellus in the Western United States. Mycologia 39(5): 497-534. [Smith(11)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Daniel E. Stuntz. 1950. New or Noteworthy Fungi from Mt. Ranier National Park. Mycologia 42: 80-134. [Smith(9)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Daniel E. Stuntz. 1958. Studies on the Genus Pluteus I. Redescriptions of American Species Based on a Study of Type Specimens. Lloydia 21:(3) 115-136. [Smith(16)]
• Smith, Alexander H., Rolf Singer. 1958. Studies on Secotiaceous Fungi. VIII. A New Genus in the Secotiaceae Related to Gomphidius. Mycologia 50: 927-938. [Smith(23)]
• Smith, Alexander H 1963. New Astrogastraceous Fungi from the Pacific Northwest. Mycologia 55: 421-441. [Smith(24)]
• Smith, Alexander H., James M. Trappe. 1972. The Higher Fungi of Oregon's Cascade Head Experimental Forest and Vicinity - I The Genus Phaeocollybia (Agaricales) and Notes and Descriptions of Other Species in the Agaricales. Mycologia 64: 1138-1153. [Smith(10)]
• Smith, Alexander H. Stropharia riparia, A Previously Undescribed Species Suspected of Occurring in Michigan. The Michigan Botanist 18: 107-108. [Smith(18)]
• Stuntz, Daniel. 1947. Studies in the Genus Inocybe. I. New and Noteworthy Species from Washington. Mycologia 39: 21-55. [Stuntz(1)]
• Thorn, R.G., G.L. Barron 1986. Nematoctonus and the Tribe Resupinateae in Ontario, Canada. Mycologia 25(2): 321-453. [Thorn(2)]
• Thorn, R.G., Malloch, D.W. 1994. Species of Cortinarius subgenus Leprocybe, sections Orellani and Limonei, in North America. Can. J. Bot. 72:520-532. [Thorn]
• Tulloss, Rodham E., Janet E. Lindgren. 1994. Amanita novinupta - a rubescent, white species from the Western United States and Southwestern Canada. Mycotaxon 51: 179-190. [Tulloss(2)]
• Tulloss, Rodham E., Elizabeth Moses. 1995. Amanita populiphila - a new species from the Central United States. Mycotaxon 53: 455-466. [Tulloss(1)]
• Van De Bogart, Fred. 1976. The Genus Coprinus in Western North America, Part I: Section Coprinus. Mycotaxon 4(1): 233-275. [Van De Bogart(1)]
• Van De Bogart, Fred. 1979. The Genus Coprinus in Western North America, Part II: Section Lanatuli. Mycotaxon 8(1): 243-291. [Van De Bogart(2)]
• Van De Bogart, Fred. 1979. The Genus Coprinus in Western North America, Part III: Section Atramentarii. Mycotaxon 10(1): 155-174. [Van De Bogart(3)]
• Volk, Thomas J., Harold H. Burdsall, Jr., Mark T. Banik. 1996. Armillaria nabsnona, a new species from western North America. Mycologia 88(3): 484-491. [Volk] 

Web Pages

• Halling, Roy E. A revision of Collybia s.l. in the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/col/colintro.html. a revision of his earlier work: The Genus Collybia in the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. [Halling(2)]
• Kendrick, Bryce. The Fifth Kingdom. http://www.mycolog.com/fifthtoc.html. profusely illustrated general mycology text. As Professor M.J. Wingfield of Pretoria said, "Why would anyone use any other text?" [Kendrick(2)]
• Mueller, Gregory M. Mueller. The Mushroom Genus Laccaria in North America. http://www.fmnh.org/research_collections/botany/botany_sites/fungi/index.html. site based on Mueller, G.M. 1992. Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, With Discussions on Extralimital Taxa and Descriptions of Extant Types. Fieldiana: Botany, n.s., 30: 1-158. [Mueller(2)]
• Volk, Tom. Tom Volk's Fungi: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/ access to more than 1000 images, including details of Armillaria species. [Volk(2)]
• Wood, Michael, Fred Stevens. MykoWeb. http://www.mykoweb.com. the source of many images in this program, and a 5 star website: for more details see About MykoWeb on the Help menu. [MykoWeb]